Voice Change: Voice of Factitive Object
Voice of Factitive Object
Factitive Verbs: elect, select, nominate, make, call, name, term etc.Active structure: Subject + factitive verb + object + factitive object.
Passive structure: Object + auxiliary + VPP + factitive object + by + subject.
Examples: Active : We made him chairman.
Passive : He was made chairman by us.
Active : Mr. Sikdar teaches us English.
Passive : English is taught us by Sikdar.
Voice with “cognate object”
Verbs that take cognate objects: run, think, dance, sleep, dream, live, smile, die, laugh, sigh, fight etc.Active structure: Subject + verb + cognate object.
Passive structure: Cognate object + auxiliary + VPP + by + subject.
Examples:
Active : He ran a race.
Passive : A race was run by him.
Active : He thinks of a great thought.
Passive : A great thought is thought of by him.
Active : The boy ran a race.
Passive : A race was run by the boy.
Active : Mamta dreamt a sweet dream.
Passive : A sweet dream was dreamt by Mamta.
Voice with “Quasi-Passive verb”
Active structure: Subject + Quasi-passive verb + adjective/adverb/V +ingPassive structure: Subject + auxiliary + VPP of Quasi-passive +adjective/adverb/ V+ing
Examples:
Active: Honey tastes sweet.
Passive: Honey is tasted sweet. (or Honey is sweet when /if it is tasted)
Active: The book reads well.
Passive: The book is read well.
Active: The building is building.
Passive: The building is being built.
Active: Rice sells cheap.
Passive: Rice is sold cheap or Rice is cheap when it is sold.
Voice with “Modals”
Modals: may, might, can, could, shall, will, should, would, must, need, dare, ought to, used to, be to, have to, be going to etc.Active Structure: Subject + modal V + Main V + object.
Passive Structure: Object + modal V + be + Main VPP + by + subject. Examples:
Active: The new workers can distribute the mangoes equally.
Passive: The mangoes can be distributed equally by the new workers.
Active structure: Subject + modal + be + Verb + ing + object.
Passive structure: Object + modal + be + being + VPP + by+ Subject. Examples:
Active: We should be helping the needy.
Passive: The needy should be being helped by us.
Active: The stout foxes might be befooling the younger ones.
Passive: The younger ones might be being befooled by the stout foxes.
Active: You could be changing the voice.
Passive: The voice could be being changed by you.
Active structure: Subject + modal + have + VPP + object.
Passive structure: Object + modal + have + been + VPP + by+ subject. Examples:
Active: We ought to have changed our decision.
Passive: Our decision ought to have been changed by us.
Active structure: Subject + modal + have + been + V + ing + object
Passive structure: Object + modal + have + been + being + VPP + by + subject. Examples:
Active: We must have been using improved technology in medical science. Passive: Improved technology must have been being used in medical science by us.
Voice with “Reflexive objects”
Active structure: Subject + Verb + reflexive objective.Passive structure: Subject + auxiliary according to tense + VPP + by + reflexive object. Examples:
Active: She could not kill herself.
Passive: She could not be killed by herself.
Voice with “it is/was time”
Active structure 1: It is time + to + verb + object.Passive structure 1: It is time + that + object + should be + VPP. Or, It is time + for + object + to be + VPP. Examples:
Active: It is time to do the work.
Passive: It is time that the work should be done (or It is time for the work to be done).
Active structure 2: It is time + subject + V2 + object.
Passive structure 2: It is time + for /(that)+ object + auxiliary + to be/(should be) +VPP + by + subject. Examples:
Active: It is time we changed our winning strategy. Passive: It is time for our winning strategy to be changed by us.
Active: It is time they re-encountered the gang. Passive: It is time that the gang should be re-encountered by them.
Voice with “Present Participle”
Transitive Verbs that take present participle: catch, describe, feel, find, hear, imagine, keep, leave, like, notice, observe, picture, prevent, save, see, send, spot, stop, want, watchActive structure: Subject + Verb + object + present participle + (object of participle)
Passive structure: Object + Auxiliary + VPP + present participle + (object of participle) + by + subject. Examples:
Active: We saw him watching an extraordinarily enjoyable English movie.
Passive: He was seen watching an extraordinarily enjoyable English movie by us.
Voice with “Gerund”
Transitive verbs that take gerunds: advise, insist, propose, recommend, suggest, admit, anticipate, avoid, consider, contemplate, delay, defer, deny, detest, dislike, discuss, enjoy, escape, excuse, fancy, finish, forgive, imagine, involve, keep, loathe, mind, miss, practice, pardon, postpone, resume, recollect, recall, risk, report, remember, resent, resist, start, stop, tolerate, understand, quiet etc.Active structure: Subject + verb + gerund + object of gerund
Passive structure: Subject + verb + that + object of gerund + should be + VPP (of gerund)
- There are variations according to meaning
Active: They unanimously proposed to hold a meeting. Passive: They unanimously proposed that a meeting should be held.
Active: We insist on playing the music late at night.
Passive: We insist that the music should be played late at night.
Active: She avoids meeting her friends.
Passive: She avoids that her friends are not met.
Active: We can vividly remember making our first plane journey.
Passive: We can vividly remember that our first plane journey was made.
Voice with “bare infinitive”
Bare Infinitive verbs: feel, listen to, observe, watch, hear, notice, make, see, let, help Active structure: Subject + verb + object + bare infinitive phrase Passive structure: Object + auxiliary + VPP + to + bare infinitive phrase + by + subject Examples:Active: The manager of the company made the black sheep of the workers leave the factory.
Passive: The black sheep of the workers was made to leave the factory by the manager of the company.
Voice with “Infinitive”
Active structure: Subject + verb + object + infinitive phrasePassive structure: Object + auxiliary + VPP + infinitive phrase + by + subject Examples:
Active: He advised me to obey the honest people.
Passive: I was advised to obey the honest people by him.
Voice with “there”
Active structure: There is/are/was/were/will be/has been etc + Noun Phrase + to-infinitivePassive structure: There is/are/was/were/will be/has been etc + Noun Phrase + to be + VPP
Examples:
Active: There are many stories to learn.
Passive: There are many stories to be learnt/learned.
Active: There is no time to waste standing here.
Passive: There is no time to be wasted standing here.
Previus
Next
Share This Post
